Experiments that measure frequency domain

I read there are experiments that measure the frequency response of a system
Y(w) and the researcher must use the inverse Fourier transform to get the
time response y(t). Unfortunately, it didn't give an example.

It seems odd that the researcher can't hook up his measuring device to the
apparatus and simply measure the time responses.

I'm curious -- what are some examples of experiments where Y(w) is more
easily measured than y(t)?

Thanks,
Pete
.

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