Re: You figure it out.
- From: "Tom Potter" <tdp1001@xxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2008 12:07:41 +0800
"Sam Wormley" <swormley1@xxxxxxxxx> wrote in message
news:jU7wj.47455$yE1.24565@xxxxxxxxxxxx
Tom Potter wrote:1.
The cost of maintaining the GPS system is approximately US$750 million
per
year,
including the replacement of aging satellites, and research and
development.
2.
HAGATNA, Guam (AP) - A B-2 stealth bomber plunged to the ground shortly
after taking off from an air base in Guam on Saturday, the first time one
crashed, but both pilots ejected safely, Air Force officials said.
There were no injuries on the ground or damage to buildings, and no
munitions were on board.
Each B-2 bomber costs about $1.2 billion to build. ( And billions to
operate
and maintain.)
What you need to figure out, Potter, is that all global navigation
satellite systems will incorporate relativistic corrections. :-)
As Sam raises a good point about "relativity",
it is helpful to compare the thinking processes
of Maxwell and Einstein on this matter.
Maxwell:
======
The properties (Of matter) are all relative to the three abstract entities
connected with matter, namely, space, time, and force.
1. Since matter must be in some part of space, and in one part only at a
time, it possesses the property of locality or position.
2. But matter has not only position but magnitude; this property is called
extension.
3. And since it is not infinite it must have bounds, and therefore it must
possess figure.
These three properties belong both to matter and to imaginary geometrical
figures, and may be called the geometric properties of matter. The following
properties do not necessarily belong to geometric figures.
4. No part of space can contain at the same time more than one body, or no
two bodies can coexist in the same space; this property is called
impenetrability. It was thought by some that the converse of this was true,
and that there was no part of space not filled with matter. If there be a
vacuum, said they, that is empty space, it must be either a substance or an
accident. If a substance it must be created or uncreated. If created it may
be destroyed, while matter remains as it was, and thus length, breadth and
thickness would be destroyed while the bodies remain at the same distance.
If uncreated, we are led into impiety. If we say it is an accident, those
who deny a vacuum challenge us to define it, and say that length, breadth
and thickness belong exclusively to matter.
This is not true, for they belong also to geometric figures, which are forms
of thought and not of matter; therefore the atomists maintain that empty
space is an accident, and has not only a possible but a real existence, and
that there is more space empty than full. This has been well stated by
Lucretius.
5. Since there is a vacuum, motion is possible; therefore we have a fifth
property of matter called mobility. And the impossibility of a body changing
its state of motion or rest without some external force is called inertia.
Of forces acting between two particles of matter there are several kinds.
The first kind is independent of the quality of the particles, and depends
solely on their masses and their mutual distance. Of this kind is the
attraction of gravitation and that repulsion which exists between the
particles of matter which prevents any two from coming into contact.
The second kind depends on the quality of the particles; of this kind are
the attractions of magnetism, electricity, and chemical affinity which are
all convertible into one another and affect all bodies.
The third kind acts between the particles of the same body, and tends to
keep them at a certain distance from one another and in a certain
configuration.
When this force is repulsive and inversely as the distance, the body is
called gaseous.
When it does not follow this law there are two cases.
There may be a force tending to preserve the figure of the body or not.
When this force vanishes the body is a liquid.
When it exists the body is solid.
If it is small the body is soft; if great it is hard.
If it recovers its figure it is elastic; if not it is inelastic.
The forces in this third division depend almost entirely on heat.
===============
Einstein:
======
But on the other hand there is a weighty argument to be adduced in favour of
the ether hypothesis. To deny the ether is ultimately to assume that empty
space has no physical qualities whatever. The fundamental facts of mechanics
do not harmonize with this view. For the mechanical behaviour of a corporeal
system hovering freely in empty space depends not only on relative positions
(distances) and relative velocities, but also on its state of rotation,
which physically may be taken as a characteristic not appertaining to the
system in itself. In order to be able to look upon the rotation of the
system, at least formally, as something real, Newton objectivises space.
As Sam suggest,s
the frequency of a remote oscillator
is affect by (Relative to) many things, including:
1. Distance - Hubble Effect
2. Acceleration - Galileo Effect
3. Velocity - Doppler Effect
It is interesting to observe that the
differences in frequencies of the airborne,
and ground oscillators in the GPS system,
can be and were computed using
the mentioned effects.
It is important to keep in mind
that ONE oscillator is an observer's CLOCK,
and all other oscillators are just that, oscillators,
and various "relative" factors can be determined
by comparing remote oscillators to one's
reference oscillator (One's clock).
As I pointed out in my original post,
"The cost of maintaining the GPS system is approximately
US$750 million per year"
No doubt, as Sam suggests,
some of the billions of dollars
that have been wasted trying to rationalized General Relativity,
an obviously flawed auguring model
used to augur the beginning and end of the universe,
worm holes, black holes, dark matter, time travel,
warping through space, rubber times and spaces,
and other things beyond man's capacity to ever experience,
could be well spent on the GPS system,
designing electronics, structures, drugs, chemicals, etc.
.
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- You figure it out.
- From: Tom Potter
- Re: You figure it out.
- From: Sam Wormley
- You figure it out.
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