Re: Imperfections of classical thermodynamics

The enzyme allow to make reaction (binding) in controlled way.
They not only speed up reaction, but also converting energy in
conscious way, for example into stable form to be used later.
I'm sorry for 'localized' word ... it's intuitive again - that
reactions doesn't happen somewhere, but often with companion of the
enzyme that can catch and convert this energy thanks of that it is
spatially 'localized'.

I agree that in practice there would be problems with idealizations
for the mirror example.
But it uses only things that are allowed for idealized models so that
there is no energy waste, like perfect separators for photons. So if
thermodynamics would be perfect, it should defend with this
idealizations.
I can agree that finally there will be no photons.
So the kinetic energy can't spontaneously go back into the IR radiation. Or does it?
Why do You think it could? We assume that it doesn't absorb heat - has
T=0 for all the time.

About mean field, this approximation is made for example while
introducing functions over space like density, temperature - in this
moment we forget about microscopic correlations.
They still have their wave function, but we forget about it to make it
calculable.

You are imagining the enzyme molecule as a stiff "ball and stick" configuration of nucleii.
I've described the enzyme intuitively, but I completely agree that
it's much more complicated.
Enzyme is a machinery lead be statistics, important is what is it's
dominant direction.

Withdrawing energy does not automatically decrease the temperature.
In this case it does - part of it's relatively large thermal energy is
used for the binding.
It will be equilibrate from environment at the cost of thermal energy,
reducing whole average a bit - temperature.

So yes, a few electrons in the wire can give up their energy to create one high energy standing wave in the antennae.
I completely agree, as I've written important is that statistically
absorption will dominate.
Electrons could create perfect standing wave only in superconductors.
Else it's energy has to decrease a bit, equilibrating energy with
environment and has maximum when is catch - on the antenna.
To speed up this decreasing, we can use larger resistance - electron
collide more often, equilibrating its energy.
.

Relevant Pages

  • OOL XII - Enzymes and Chemical Thermodynamics
    ... Notice that both sides of the equation are in units of energy. ... selected by NS) are quite good at specific binding ... A naturally selected enzyme must do ... fraction of them are available for binding to substrate. ...
    (sci.bio.evolution)
  • Re: ATP synthase
    ... "The ATP synthase of mitochondria and chloroplasts is an anabolic enzyme ... that harnesses the energy of a transmembrane proton gradient as an energy ... "This enzyme works when a proton moves down the concentration gradient, ...
    (talk.origins)
  • Re: Moving Sedna (was USA urges scientists to block out sun)
    ... Air Force Research Laboratory and the Chilean Nuclear Energy ... In this reaction 0.1% of the reactions in a thermal p-11B plasma would ... produce neutrons, and the energy of these neutrons would account for ... to benefit humans preferentially over machines and beasts of the ...
    (sci.space.policy)
  • Re: Uncle Als "Negative Energy"
    ... useful, or even accurate, to describe binding energy as "negative" ... m= rest mass of free neutron ... represent the situation after the binding process is complete. ...
    (sci.physics)
  • Re: Space based VLBI - next steps beyond Hubble
    ... this is the nature of the thermonuclear reaction. ... A pellet is much too small to hold this energy. ... gives off protons not neutrons. ... Hydrogen/flouride material is about 3% efficient so you'll need 340 kJ ...
    (sci.space.policy)