Re: Genocide

On Jan 31, 9:58 pm, "columbiaaccidentinvestigation"
<columbiaaccidentinvestigat...@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
On Jan 31, 7:56 pm, Pat Flannery <flan...@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:

columbiaaccidentinvestigation wrote:

Then you fully admit that your post of a challenge to me belligerent,
disrespectful, intolerant as you do not care about the answer, and you
don't care to put your "mortal life where your mouth is" mmmm.

I'm not the one who suggested getting involved down there; I can put my
mortal life where my mouth is by sitting right in this chair and going
nowhere near the place.
When all the religious leaders started showing up in Washington talking
about the terrible things going on down in Darfur, and how we must do
something about it, I'm the guy who would have liked to....

Actually pat, you very much missed my point of demonstrating the
similarities of the Darfur region to that of the western United
States, where grazing rights and water rights are issues that have not
been completely solved, and are by shared many people who reside in
the worlds arid regions.

And for a little more information here are two links to the Bureau of
Land Management, and U.S. Geological Survey I have provided below
demonstrating the complexities of land, water, and grazing rights in
an arid region such as the western United States or the Darfur region
of Sudan.

http://www.blm.gov/education/LearningLandscapes/menu/knowus.htmlhttp://www.blm.gov/nstc/WaterLaws/fedreservedwater.html

Now here is a little history from your wikipedia source that states
the continuing lack of economic development in the region of Darfur.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darfur_conflict#_note-31
"Background
The British allowed Darfur de jure autonomy until 1916 when they
invaded and incorporated the region into Sudan.[7] Within Anglo-
Egyptian Sudan, the bulk of resources were devoted toward Khartoum and
Blue Nile Province, leaving the rest of the country relatively
undeveloped.The inhabitants of the Nile Valley, which had received the
bulk of British investment, continued the pattern of economic and
political marginalization after independence was achieved in 1956."

And no pat I did not say stopping the atrocities andgenocidewas
going to be "simple" as you stated, but economic solutions are part of
the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, and therefore the economics of
water and grazing rights may provide a motivation for both parties to
arrive at an extended peace deal, building on the one the cease fire
just negotiated see bottom link.

Now the governments US. Aid 2002 report states that future activities
in the country of Sudan are to strengthen the ties between the people
of the region, and reduce the drought vulnerability for northern
Sudanese farmers, herders and population".
So pat don't you think instead of posting belligerent, intolerant and
disrespectful words, wouldn't it be more helpful to do a little
research on the subject and post your results like I have here on this
thread.http://www.usaid.gov/locations/sub-saharan_africa/sudan/oneyear_repor...
Special Humanitarian Coordinator's One-Year Report
"Looking Forward
The recent Machakos Protocol between the GoS and SPLM offers a
cautioned hope for peace in Sudan. The SHC is ready to take advantage
of the new opportunities afforded by this peace initiative, but is
prepared to redouble assistance and peace advocacy efforts if the plan
falters. In the coming months, USAID activities in Sudan are likely to
include:
Initiatives to improve health, strengthen food security, and
revitalize local economies;
Continued advocacy to improve humanitarian access to populations in
greatest need in southern Sudan;
Investigation of the extent and cause of civilian displacement in
Western Upper Nile/Unity State, the region of current greatest
humanitarian concern;
Expansion of programs to strengthen ties of northerners and
southerners living together in crossover communities, building peace
through mutual understanding;
Programs to reduce drought vulnerability of northern Sudanese farmers,
herders, and populations; and
Assessment of the potential role of USAID's Office of Transition
Initiatives, emphasizing programs to strengthen civil society and ease
the transition from war to peace."

Here is your wikipedia link, showing the recent cease fire agreement.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darfur_conflict
"January 2007 cease-fire agreement
According to the Save Darfur Coalition, New Mexico Governor Bill
Richardson and President al-Bashir have agreed to a cease-fire whereby
the Sudanese "government and rebel groups will cease hostilities for a
period of 60 days while they work towards a lasting peace." [2] In
addition, the Save Darfur press release stated that the agreement
"included a number of concessions to improve humanitarian aid and
media access to Darfur.""

And here is the link to the savedarfour.org site describing the
negotiated cease fire.http://www.savedarfur.org/newsroom/releases/cease_fire_agreement_offe...
"Cease-Fire Agreement Offers a Moment of Opportunity for Political
Settlement in Worsening Darfur Crisis
On Save Darfur Coalition trip, New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson
Gets Commitment For Cease-Fire and Improved Humanitarian Aid and Media
Access To Darfur
Washington, D.C. - The Save Darfur Coalition welcomes the agreement
reached today by New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson and Sudanese
President Omar al-Bashir that his government and rebel groups will
cease hostilities for a period of 60 days while they work towards a
lasting peace.
The cease-fire was one of several issues agreed to in talks between
Governor Richardson and President al-Bashir in Khartoum on Wednesday.
Governor Richardson traveled to Sudan at the invitation of the Save
Darfur Coalition, and was accompanied by Save Darfur Senior
International Coordinator Ambassador (ret.) Lawrence Rossin, Refugees
International Executive Director Kenneth Bacon, and Public and
International Law and Policy Group senior attorney Amjad Atallah....
Joint Press Statement on the conclusion of the visit
by Governor Bill Richardson to the Sudan
7th - 10th January 2006...
The two sides agreed to apprise African Union Special Envoy Salim
Ahmed Salim and United Nations Special Envoy Jan Eliasson of these
developments, so that the African Union and United Nations will
facilitate the commanders meeting and launch the political discussion
and to maintain regular communication assessing progress on these
important initiatives to identify areas of difficulty on which further
engagement may be necessary to ensure rapid progress and durable
outcomes.
Both sides agreed that an improvement of relations is in the mutual
interest of both countries."

A possible motivation for the Government of Sudan committing genocide
against the non-Arab people living in the Darfur region is to lay
claim to the land where there are unexplored basins that may yield
potentially very large oil and gas reserves. There is a great
potential for the Central African Rift System containing basins of
large oil fields that extend from western Chad, and the south western
region of Sudan, in a northerly direction into Darfur or the western
regions of Sudan, up in to southern Egypt. Now using the Comprehensive
Peace Agreement (CPA) as a model for the a 50/50 revenue sharing deal,
along with the current gas and oil concession block sales occurring in
Sudan, revenues could be generated for the people of Darfur from the
sale of block #12 (see concession map) or subsections of block 12 in
the Darfur region. The Darfur Peace Agreement establishes a
Transitional Darfur Regional Authority (TDRA), sets July 2010 as the
time frame for a referendum to determine regional status (see below),
and states the governmental representation prior to the referendum,
all of which can be used as a marketing tool to attract investors in
the region. The Transitional Darfur Regional Authority can assist in
negotiating the gas and oil concessions starting Darfurs economic
recovery, and groups like the Darfur Joint Assessment Mission D-JAM,
and U.S. Aid can assist the region in long term investments for post-
conflict reconstruction and development of infrastructure such as
water distribution, and drought prevention projects. Petroleum
investors have high expectations for possible fields being located in
the Darfur region, but it has mainly been the conflicts that have
prevented exploration of the regions basins. Maybe the transitional
Darfur regional authority could negotiate a preliminary deal lining up
the investors for block 12, but with the provision the government of
Sudan must immediately stop all military action, and disband the
janjaweed militia. The Government of Sudan must not be allowed to
continue to ethnically cleansing in the Darfur region of non-Arabs and
then attract investors for oil and gas concession sales from the
"cleansed" lands of block 12. But instead all the displaced peoples
of the Dafur region including non-Arabs must be allowed to return to
their homes and villages and reap the benefits of revenues generated
from investments in their own region, in addition to possibly
receiving financial compensation for atrocities committed by the
government of Sudan. In addition to financial compensation, leveling
justice for the acts of genocide committed with the country of Sudan
can take place not only by holding national leaders accountable for
their actions of siding with one group and ("feeding into this
xenophobic, ..ideology, which is racist in nature" ICG see below) but
through a process of truth and reconciliation, as historically the
peoples of this region have the ability and mechanisms to resolve
their own conflict.
tom

Sudan Oil and Gas Consession Map (blocks 1-12)
http://www.apco-sd.com/html/conmap.htm

Sudans Block 4,
http://www.rigzone.com/news/image_detail.asp?img_id=1088

Sudans crude oil production
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/Sudan/Oil.html
"Exploration and Production
Exploration and development of Sudan's oil resources has been highly
controversial. International human rights organizations have accused
the Sudanese government of financing human rights abuses with oil
revenues, including the mass displacement of civilians near the oil
fields. Factional fighting in the South and rebel attacks on oil
infrastructure have kept oil production and exploration from reaching
full potential to date. In October 2004, for example, the Sudanese
government prevented a militia attempt to sabotage the country's main
oil export pipeline. However, the recent peace agreement between the
government and the SPLA will likely lead to substantial investment in
both production facilities and new exploration initiatives in the
country. In January 2005, after the official signing of the CPA,
Total, Marathon Oil Corporation, and the Kuwait Foreign Petroleum
Company renewed their exploration rights in southern Sudan."


http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=14880
"Ross Clarkson, President & CEO of TransGlobe states, "The Nuqra
Concession provides a rare exploration opportunity, a large land
position in an under-explored rift basin. Rift basins can be very
productive petroleum producers. To the north and south of Nuqra are
two rift basins with large oil fields; the Gulf of Suez and the Muglud
basin in Sudan. TransGlobe has made several discoveries in the Yemen
rift basins and the Nuqra Concession's petroleum system appears to be
analogous to the Masila Basin in Yemen. We hope that Nuqra will build
upon our success in Yemen, while expanding and diversifying
TransGlobe's presence in the Middle East.".. The Nuqra Concession is
located in Upper Egypt near of the city of Luxor on the east bank of
the Nile River. The concession encompasses over two-thirds of the Kom
Ombo Basin, a rift basin analogous to the Gulf of Suez Basin, the
Marib Basin in the Republic of Yemen, and the Muglad Basin in Sudan,
all of which contain major reserves. The Nuqra Concession contains
more than 30,000 square kilometers or 7,500,000 acres of exploration
lands with 13 seismically defined leads identified from over 4,000 km
of existing 2D seismic. Seismic and well data have confirmed the
existence of Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments and the presence of a
petroleum system which could potentially hold significant oil
reserves."


Here is the government of sudan, marketing to potential investors in
the petroleum industry, from the Sudanese embassy in india.
http://www.embassysudanindia.org/investment/oil-sector.html
"Other international oil companies too have taken concessions in other
blocks. There is great potential for investment and the government of
Sudan is taking an extremely flexible approach towards companies
willing to invest in this sector.
Business opportunities from the development of the oil sector are also
considerable, including equipping of the field stations, road links,
communications, supply of vehicles and catering. The growth of oil
sector has also stimulated the need for power stations, roads, bridges
and the development of a river transport system, communication, light
industry and petrochemical industry. "

Here is some information on Sudans current and downstream oil
production, from the department of energies' energy information
agency.
Sudan Country Analysis Brief
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/sudan.pdf
"OIL
Sudan contains proven reserves of 563 million barrels of oil, more
than twice the 262 million barrels estimated in 2001. Because much of
Sudanese oil exploration has been limited to the central and south-
central regions, Sudanese Energy Ministry representatives estimate
proven reserves at 700 million barrels and total reserves at five
billion barrels, including potential reserves in northwest Sudan , the
Blue Nile Basin , and the Red Sea area in eastern Sudan ."


U.S. State Department statement on the Darfur Peace Agreement.
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2006/65972.htm
Fact ***
Office of the Spokesman
Washington, DC
May 8, 2006
Darfur Peace Agreement
The Darfur Peace Agreement, signed May 5, 2006, by the largest rebel
group, the Sudan Liberation Movement, led by Mini Menawi, and the
Sudanese Government, is an important achievement for peace in Darfur.
It is a fair agreement that addresses the long-standing
marginalization of Darfur, and charts a path for lasting peace for the
innocent victims of the crisis.
The agreement requires that the Sudanese Government of National Unity
complete verifiable disarmament and demobilization of Janjaweed
militia by mid-October 2006 and places restrictions on the movements
of the Popular Defense Forces and requires their downsizing. A
detailed sequencing and phasing schedule ensures that the African
Union certifies that Janjaweed and other armed militia have been
disarmed before rebel forces assemble and prepare for their own
disarmament and demobilization. The agreement stipulates that 4,000
former combatants be integrated into the Sudanese Armed Forces, 1,000
be integrated into the police forces, and 3,000 be supported through
education and training programs. The former combatants will be
integrated in groups of 100-150 and will comprise 33 percent of each
integrated battalion.
Democratic processes have been laid out for the people of Darfur to
choose their leaders and determine their status as a region. Rebel
signatories of the agreement were awarded the 4th highest position in
the Sudanese Government of National Unity: Senior Assistant to the
President and Chairperson of the newly established Transitional Darfur
Regional Authority (TDRA). The TDRA will be responsible for
implementation of the peace agreement in Darfur and the rebel
movements will have effective control of that body. In July 2010, a
popular referendum will be held to decide whether to establish Darfur
as a unitary region with a single government. For the three-year
period prior to elections, the agreement grants the rebel movements
twelve seats in the National Assembly in Khartoum, 21 seats in each of
the Darfur State legislatures, one State Governor and two Deputy State
Governors in Darfur, senior positions in State Ministries, and key
posts in local governments.
The accord commits the international community to holding a donors'
conference to pledge additional funds for Darfur, and invites the TDRA
Chairperson to present to that conference a summary of needs and
priorities. The GNU is mandated to contribute $300 million initially
and then $200 million/year for the next two years to rebuild the
region. A Joint Assessment Mission - modeled on the one done for
Southern reconstruction after the Comprehensive (North-South) Peace
Agreement - will be established to determine the specific
reconstruction and development needs of Darfur.
Buffer zones are to be established around camps for internally
displaced persons and humanitarian assistance corridors, and a
commission has been created to work with the United Nations to help
refugees and displaced persons return to their homes. The agreement
provides that the Sudanese Government will provide $30 million in
compensation to victims of the conflict.
2006/472 "


The Darfur Joint Assesment Mission
http://www.unsudanig.org/darfurjam/index.php?fid=intro
"As mandated in the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) the parties, GNU and
SLM, have now embarked upon a process to identify key early recovery
and long term reconstruction and development needs for Darfur. This
process, the Darfur Joint Assessment Mission (D-JAM), is led by the
parties with support from the international community, particularly
the United Nations and the World Bank, and the African Development
Bank (AfDB). "


U.S. AID
http://www.usaid.gov/locations/sub-saharan_africa/sudan/
"Darfur: On May 5, 2006, the Government of National Unity and the
largest faction of the Sudan Liberation Army/Movement signed a
historic peace agreement to bring an end to conflict in the Darfur
region. The conflict had been raging since 2003, when the SLA/M and
Justice and Equality Movement rebelled against the government, which
responded by supporting local militias known as the janjaweed to put
down the rebels. The resulting violence affects more than 3.8 million
people, more than 2 million of whom have been driven from their homes.
The Darfur Peace Agreement addresses the long-standing marginalization
of Darfur and charts a path for lasting peace by detailing timelines
for disarmament, demobilization, integration, power sharing, and
wealth sharing. USAID has been a leader in the massive international
assistance program to Darfur, providing extensive humanitarian and
food aid, working to ensure humanitarian access in unstable areas, and
preparing for eventual reconstruction."


The Darfur Peace Agreement.
http://www.unmis.org/english/2006Docs/DPA_ABUJA-5-05-06-withSignatures.pdf
ARTICLE 18
FISCAL FEDERALISM AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL
RELATIONS
Assignment of Revenue Bases
118. The states of Darfur shall be entitled to raise and administer:
(a) Land and property taxes and royalties;
(b) Service charges for state services;
(c) License fees;
(d) Darfur states' personal income tax;
(e) Levies on tourism;
(f) Darfur states' share in revenues from oil and other natural
resources produced in Darfur states;
(g) Darfur state government projects and nature parks;
(h) Stamp duties;
(i) Agricultural taxes;
(j) Excise taxes;
(k) Loans and borrowing both domestic and foreign in accordance with
their creditworthiness and consistent with the national macroeconomic
policy framework;
(l) Grants in aid and foreign aid grants.
(m)Allocation from the NRF mentioned in paragraph 115 above.
(n) All allocations for Darfur Reconstruction and Development Fund to
be established consistent with the general principles agreed upon
by the Parties.
(o) All other taxes or fees legislated from time to time, within their
jurisdictions.
119. Darfur states may, within their competencies and jurisdictions,
enter into
agreements to enhance revenue mobilization and administration."

Darfur Lives Under Siege, is a study of the history and culture of the
people who live in the Darfur Region of Sudan, and demonstrates each
of the ethnic groups has the mechanisms to deal with the necessary
reconciliation after genocide.
http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADC475.pdf


This link to "Examples of Reconciliaton", a conference where African
leaders discussed the issues associated with reconciling the conflict
between people after the violence of genocide.
http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0504/africa.html
Examples of Reconciliation
Africa's Contributions to the Global Community
African leaders and scholars gathered at the Library of Congress
recently to discuss reconciliation-how people, in post-conflict
environments, can promote healing and mutually beneficial and trusting
relationships that will ultimately lead to sustainable peace in
countries torn apart by war, genocide and other violence in Africa in
the last two decades of the 20th century....
Joseph Nzabmwita, defense attaché at the Embassy of the Republic of
Rwanda, discussed the gachacha model of reconciliation, a traditional
African village system that works on the principle of reconciling the
parties and promoting social harmony rather than penalizing the guilty
party. "Under the Western criminal justice system, it's going to take
100 years to try these cases," Nzabmwita said. "So who is that justice
going to benefit?"
After July 1994, at the end of the genocide in Rwanda, there were
nearly 1 million dead. "Our government was destroyed and our society
dismantled," Nzabmwita said. "We needed to move ahead. We needed to
rebuild our society. So we sat down and went back to our roots-simply
sitting together and discussing among ourselves the truth." The truth
included learning from the perpetrators where to find the dead bodies
so families could give them proper burials. After learning the truth,
healing could begin. "Through gachacha, we will benefit," Nzabmwita
said.
Derek Moyo, deputy chief of mission at the Embassy of the Republic of
South Africa, said reconciliation could not be imposed or legislated.
Also, reconciliation is not a one-day event. "It is a process that
will go beyond the truth commissions. The truth commission is just one
method," Moyo said. He also said models of truth commissions cannot be
transplanted elsewhere into other situations....
Ketumile Masire, president of Botswana from 1980 to 1998, discussed
the reconciliation efforts in South Africa, Rwanda and the Democratic
Republic of Congo. "I want to emphasize that every conflict situation
is different and thus requires a particular reconciliation approach.
Also conflicts have complicated roots; rarely is there a simple
determinant, such as ethnicity, religion or economics. But many are at
play.
"Whatever the circumstances, one cannot build reconciliation on a
system of injustice. Justice is the bedrock in any nation that seeks
to be free of resentment and wounds of history," Masire said.
Pierre Buyoya, president of Burundi from 1987 to 1993 and from 1996 to
2003, now a visiting senior fellow with the Watson Institute for
International Studies at Brown University, described the importance
and effectiveness of the Wise Men Council in Burundi, a traditional
grassroots institution. Each village has its own council and
councilmen are selected in front of the whole village. The council
resolves 80 percent of the conflicts. "Nobody needs to pay large legal
fees. Without the council, the legal system would have to be 10 times
larger," said Buyoya."


Update on Darfur from the International Crisis Group
http://fpc.state.gov/fpc/41406.htm
Update on Crisis Hot Spots Around the World
Nancy Soderberg, Vice President for Multilateral Affairs at the
International Crisis Group ; Suliman Baldo, Africa Program Director at
the International Crisis Group
Foreign Press Center Briefing
New York, New York
January 27, 2005
10:00 A.M. EST
MS. NISBET: Thanks, everyone, for coming this morning. I would like to
introduce Ambassador Nancy Soderberg, ICG's Vice President for
Multilateral Affairs, as well as Suliman Baldo, the head of the Africa
Program here in New York.
As you probably know, the International Crisis Group helps to prevent
and resolve conflicts around the world. They are here today to talk
about crisis hotspots around the world, as well as highlighting recent
developments in Africa.
I'd like to thank Mr. Baldo and Ambassador Soderberg for being here
today. We can start out with opening remarks and then go into
questions. Please state your name and affiliation before asking your
questions. Thank you....

QUESTION: We often hear about conflicts in Darfur between Arab
Sudanese and Black
African Sudanese. How accurate are they?

MR. BALDO: This is not accurate. If you go to Darfur, you wouldn't
distinguish who is Arab and who is not. These are political
identities. The region is, you know, one of coexistence between these
groups. They have been there for generations. They have been
interchanging, you know, peacefully coexisting, intermarrying. They
are all Muslim. You know, the level of Arabization and Islamization
that is taking place in Darfur spontaneously before has been very
great and therefore, differences that existed in the past, for
example, over grazing lands, over access to water sources, were
settled through communion, peace, settlement, you know, conflict
resolution mechanisms -- communion and conflict resolution
mechanisms.
The governments of Sudan, during the colonial period and after the
colonial period and their independence, acted as literal arbitrators
and guarantors of agreements that were reached by the communities
themselves.
It's only in the mid-1980s that some Darfur groups of Arab background
thought to exploit their ethnic, you know, background for political
gain and they formed, you know, a certain pressure group under that
label, you know, the Arabs of Darfur. It's a recent identity, which is
of a political nature. The Government of Sudan today has decided to
side with one group against the other, therefore feeding into this
xenophobic, into this ideology, which is racist in nature, finally.
The other groups that are at the receiving end of these policies of
exclusion are now identifying with the African identity because they
need a common identity as groups that are targeted, that are
victimized by this, you know, aggression from the groups of Arab
origin and by, you know, backed by the Government of Sudan. They
believe that there is an advantage in this label because of the
international sympathy from the humanitarian community, from NGOs and
the public opinion internationally as demonstrated over the last few
years.
They believe also that there are some advantages by identifying
themselves with the Sudan People's Liberation Army, the SPLA of
southern Sudan. Initially, the SPLA has helped these Darfurian groups
of African origin through some logistical support, some training,
some, you know, some contribution to their political manifesto and the
like.
But then as the SPLA, as the southern SPLA became engaged in the peace
process with Khartoum, they disengaged because they were talking
seriously about, you know, about peace with the government, and they
didn't want to be exploited at a different level.
The fact of the matter -- the situation of this polarity, Arab versus
non-Arab, has been fed by Khartoum, and it is leading to the reversal
of all the spontaneous form of Arabization, Islamization that has been
taking place in Darfur for centuries. And it's done in the name of
Islam, which is totally, you know, irresponsible, to say the least.
But you know, from the side of Khartoum government.

QUESTION: I mean, if you have, you know, --

MR. BALDO: Yeah --

QUESTION: (Inaudible) actions that the Security Council may take,
whether we're talking about the sanctions or the referral to the
Criminal Court, do you or the Ambassador think that those measures
will be adequate enough to arrest the deterioration in Darfur?

AMBASSADOR SODERBERG: It certainly helps. I mean, if you look at what
the international community has actually done so far, it's not much.
You know, it's threatened sanctions that they don't impose, and then
they talk about a force that doesn't exist. And there, the Sudanese
Government has pretty much had a free hand to conduct genocide or
ethnic cleansing, depending on how you define it. A lot of people are
still dying there.
And so if they really were to do a referral and have a serious
investigation, whether it's the ICC or some other cobbled-together
investigatory body, I think it would send a chilling effect through
those responsible for this campaign.
And, you know, targeted sanctions do tend to have an impact on
individuals' decision making. I mean, we've seen it in other cases.
And so I think it's time for, you know, real decisions on this issue.

MR. BALDO: Yes, I would agree, definitely. The referral to the ICC
would really be, in the sense of holding particular individuals in the
government structure responsible for the policies of, you know, that
have led to massive war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and
actions against the populations of Darfur -- whatever the label you
use on them, there is no hierarchy in international law. You know,
these are all crimes under international law, and the mere naming of
officials who are responsible for this policy would have that chilling
effect, that Khartoum cannot go on a ride because of all these
divisions within the international community about the International
Criminal Court or about this and that.
The mere naming of these officials would send a very strong message.
You know, they cannot devise policies that attack civilians with
impunity. You know, there is a determination to end that."


.

Quantcast