Is this correct?

I was doing some work from a "Statistics for Dummies" book, and I
calculated this for a sample I picked out of my head:

Sample: 1,2,4,8,16
Mean: 6.2
SD: 3.05
SE: 1.36

t-scores: 33,36,43,56,82

Are these correct? And what does the 't' in t-score mean? And, I've
always wondered this, but what is the physical meaning of standard
deviation? How would I use it to figure out, for example, how many
bolts to discard, based on their length? Thanks!!!!

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